Internet of Things technology has huge potential, but regulation involves trade-offs - Photo credit: PIxabay

Irina Brass, a researcher at University College London’s PETRAS IoT research hub, told PublicTechnology that various sector-specific rules, such as health regulations add “layers of complexity” to any regulatory landscape.

Brass was responding to a recent report from research organisation RAND, which looked at how to use policy to support increased use of the IoT.

The RAND report looked at IoT take-up across sectors and identified a number of opportunities and challenges, such as working to increase trust in the security and processes involved with IoT.

It said that there were “mixed perceptions” among IoT innovators of the ability public policy has to accelerate the market, and urged public bodies to consider themselves as strategic purchasers of new technologies.

Related content

Matching vision with investment: How councils can benefit from IoT
Creating smart cities

Overall, Brass said that the review offered a valuable assessment of the challenges of IoT for public service delivery, which looked at a number of essential trade-offs in the system, such as procurement practices, value-for-money and privacy and security considerations.

However, she said that there was more work to be done on the regulatory side, especially when considering one of the report’s statements, that “clear, unambiguous and standardised processes for personal data governance” should be a prerequisite for linking up systems, and making them interoperable and trustworthy.

“There is the need for a more detailed analysis of the current regulatory landscape in which IoT is emerging before prescribing, for instance, clear, unambiguous and standardised processes for personal data governance,” she said.

Brass said her group’s research showed that IoT was emerging in a complex regulatory landscape made up of different rules for governing electronic communications, competition, data protection, security and risk management. On top of this, there are sector-specific rules, such as those around healthcare, to deal with.

“Consequently, a one-size-fits-all approach might be premature at this stage and altogether inappropriate,” Brass said.

For instance, she said, it could be difficult to apply existing data and privacy protection guidelines, such as ‘privacy-by-design’ or ‘security-by-design’, uniformly across an IoT system.

Brass noted that increased security specifications could have major implications on the battery life or affordability of sensors – which are only small units of an IoT system. But, at the same time, vulnerabilities at this unit level could transfer risks across larger parts of the system.

“Consider, also, the costs of regular risk assessments that users of IoT systems have to factor into their business decision-making,” she said.

“It is essential to understand these trade-offs, which derive from the complexity and heterogeneity of the IoT ecosystem, before we can confidently proceed with policy prescriptions.”